The Air Force Installation Restoration Program (IRP)In conjunction with other federal agencies and the rest of the regulated community, the Air Force has gained extensive experience in the design, implementation, and evaluation of remedial technologies. A vast array of technical information is available through the Internet and printed sources on the choosing and adapting of remediation technologies to address contamination concerns at a given site. Although new and innovative technologies are still being developed, a generally "standardized" set of effective and affordable technologies is used at sites with common contamination problems. In recognition of this state of affairs, the U.
S. EPA is developing a set of presumptive remedies for common contaminants. A presumptive remedy is a technology that EPA believes to generally be the most appropriate remedy for a specific type of site. The principle of presumptive remedies is intended to focus and speed up the Feasibility Study process and lead to an expedited remedy approval. EPA has published (see Document References section below) a number of presumptive remedies for landfills, VOCs in soils, wood treatment sites, and others.
Installation Restoration Program Navy
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- Installation Restoration Program (IRP) Frequently Asked Questions. The following list contains answers to questions that the Installation Restoration Program has received. You may click on any of the questions listed below to.
- Defense Environmental Restoration Program Updates. Installation Restoration Program (IRP)/Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP) Status Tables: These tables present data for the IRP and MMRP as of the end of FY2014.
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Complex Groundwater • DoD is working with other federal agencies to develop an approach to address complex ground water sites that effectively uses resources while protecting human health and the environment. • To address.
Installation Restoration Program Toxicology Guide
It should be noted; however, that presumptive remedies are not required and may actually be inappropriate where special conditions exist. The Air Force has also developed a set of recommendations and guidelines for dealing with the types of sites most commonly encountered at Air Force installations. Current Air Force guidance on preferred remedies and technologies is available through AFCEE's Technology Transfer Division, (HQ AFCEE/ERT). The Technology Transfer Division evaluates, tests, and applies new, emerging, and unique environmental restoration technologies.
A number of reference documents are available for downloading or ordering from the "ERT Toolbox" WWW site at http: //www. ER/toolbox. htm. For fuel spill sites, ERT has found that a particular combination of technologies will quickly and cost- effectively remediate the site with an excellent success rate. The technologies generally recommended include bioventing for fuel- contaminated soils, a combination of vacuum- enhanced free product recovery and bioremediation for phase- separated petroleum product, and natural attenuation for petroleum- contaminated groundwater.
In each case, ERT has found that using and supplementing natural processes occurring in the environment greatly enhances the success of the remedial effort. Bioventing is a technology that forces air into the soil to accomplish two goals: 1) the flushing of volatilized fuels from the subsurface soil; and 2) the introduction of air to the oxygen- limited (anaerobic) soil, thereby promoting the growth of naturally occurring microorganisms that break down petroleum compounds. Bioremediation is actually a general term for a suite of technologies that use microorganisms to convert organic contaminants into harmless carbon dioxide, water, and other metabolized by- products.
In a very few cases nutrients are injected into the environmental media or engineered bacteria are added; however, in nearly all cases, aerobic (oxygen- rich) conditions are needed to achieve satisfactory results. Many of the most intractable sites are contaminated with phase- separated chlorinated solvents, which are sometimes classified as dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). These dense substances tend to migrate downward through soil, groundwater, and bedrock, thus contaminating aquifers to significant depths.
Their low solubility makes them resistant to dilution effects, and difficult to remove from the subsurface. For sites with residual soil contamination, soil vapor extraction is the presumptive remedy and has been the most frequent choice. Traditionally, groundwater contamination has been addressed with pump- and- treat technology. This technology requires a substantial initial investment, has a high operation and maintenance cost, and has often failed to significantly reduce the quantity of DNAPLs present in the subsurface. In recognition of the extreme difficulty of actively remediating DNAPLs in groundwater, natural attenuation is increasingly becoming the remedy of choice.
Natural attenuation is the name given to natural subsurface processes such as dilution, volatilization, biodegradation, adsorption, and chemical reactions with subsurface materials that act to reduce the concentrations of contaminants in subsurface soils and groundwater. Declining concentrations of contaminants are commonly observed at sites prior to initiating remedial actions.
In some cases, it appears that natural attenuation may be the most cost- effective way to reduce contaminant concentrations below regulatory or risk- based levels. However, selecting a natural attenuation remedy is not the same as a "no action" alternative. Wherever natural attenuation is applied, long term monitoring must be conducted to ensure that the process is effective and that cleanup objectives are being met. Natural attenuation is a good remedy where more active cleanup measures will not materially affect the rate of remediation or where no technically practicable methods are available. It is not, however, a good choice when contaminant plumes continue to migrate and approach downgradient receptors.
In most cases, contaminated landfill sites are addressed with capping or enhanced capping technology. Landfill caps are constructed of impermeable materials designed to prevent the infiltration of rainwater and the subsequent formation of landfill leachate. Approximately 7. 0 percent of landfill remediation projects include a cap as the presumptive remedy. However, as evidence mounts of the poor performance of many traditional caps, alternative remedies such as evapotranspiration covers are now being considered. Contaminated groundwater migrating from landfills may be addressed by a variety of traditional techniques including pump- and- treat technology or groundwater barriers. Natural attenuation is also increasingly being proposed where appropriate. Community Involvement.
U. S. EPA has devoted a major effort toward informing and enlisting the participation of the public in the cleanup process. In addition to conducting public meetings and establishing repositories for site- related documents, EPA encourages the creation of Community Action Groups (CAG).
A CAG is made up of interested parties from the local community who want to become informed about the extent of contamination at a site and the risks to the community and the environment, and who wish to participate in an informed manner in the decision making process. Do. D, and the Air Force in particular, have adopted similar community involvement ideas. Early in the IRP process, the Air Force develops a comprehensive community relations plan for the installation. An information repository is established for public access to site information, investigation results, technical data, and decision documents. In addition, as established by the Federal Facilities Environmental Restoration Dialogue Committee, Restoration Advisory Boards (RAB) are set up. The RAB is funded by Do.
D and is similar to the CAG in many respects in that it serves as a forum for informed citizen participation in the IRP process. The Air Force is currently a participant in more that 1.
RABs nationwide. RABs benefit both the community and the installation. They are a proactive forum for public participation that serves to foster a good relationship between the installation and the public.
In contrast to one- sided public meetings, the RAB helps prevent the impression that the installation is making decisions without input from the community, and thus improves installation credibility. The RAB can serve to prevent the spread of false rumors and scare stories concerning the nature of sites in the IRP process. A good working relationship with the RABs enables the installation to address future IRP sites with greater efficiency. Status of AF IRP Sites.
Over 4,0. 00 sites of environmental contamination have been identified at Air Force facilities in the U. S. and its territories. Of this total, over 1,9. Almost 2,0. 00 additional areas of concern (AOCs) require assessment and, if validated, may require future funding for study/cleanup. The Air Force estimates that 2. AOCs will become validated IRP sites.
Air Force cleanup funding is projected to stabilize at approximately $3. The cost of cleanup actions is expected to continue to account for 9.
For More Information.. EPA's Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO) works with Do. D, the Department of Energy (DOE), and other federal entities to help them develop creative, cost- effective solutions to their environmental problems. FFRRO's overall mission is to facilitate faster, more effective, and less costly cleanup and reuse of federal facilities. Visit the FFRRO WWW site at http: //www. The site offers access to a wide variety of useful technical and guidance documents focused on the restoration of federal facilities.
The Defense Environmental Network and Information Exchange (DENIX) provides access to a variety of Do. D and component policy, guidance, and technical documents pertinent to installation restoration and environmental cleanup. Visit the DENIX WWW site at http: //www. The Air Force Institute of Technology, Environmental Education Center (AFIT/EEC), is responsible for ensuring that all USAF environmental personnel have an opportunity to attend technical and management courses as appropriate to perform their jobs. AFIT/EEC offers courses related to the IRP, as well as other environmental courses. For information on obtaining EEC support to attend a course, call DSN 7.
Visit the AFIT WWW site at http: //cess. Document References Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1. CERCLA, or "Superfund"), 4. USC 9. 60. 1, et seq.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1. RCRA), 4. 2 USC 6.
Defense Environmental Restoration Program of 1.